~ : home directory
# : Root<\/p>\n\n\n\n
$ : User
& : run commands in the background of your terminal
&& : combine multiple commands together
> : re-director, take the output from a command (such as using cat to output a file) and direct it elsewhere
>>: similar to > but instead of replacing the output, it will add it to the one already present
–help or -h : put after the command name will show the help menu
adduser username : to add a user
alias : shows the shell’s aliases
apt search packagename : search all the package with that name on it
apt update : Debian update the system by downloading new packages
apt upgrade : Debian install the downloaded packages
apt install : Debian install a program\/application
apt remove : Debian remove program\/application
apt autoremove : Debian remove program\/application orphan dependencies
bc : basic calculator
cat : shows every line inside the file from the terminal
cd : change directory (“cd download” if you want to go to the download directory)
cd –\u00a0or\u00a0cd .. : to go back to the previous directory
chage -E date user : set expiration date for the user
chage -l user : shows the expiration date of the user ( type -1 for never )
chage -M days user : to set the number of days the user had to change password
chmod : change file permission (Example: 764 = rwxrw-r–)
[d|rwx|rwx|rwx = dir\/file|user|group|other]\u00a0 [4+2+1 = rwx = read write execute]
chmod +x\u00a0filename : add execute to all
chmod -x filename : remove execute to all
chmod u+x filename : add execute to user only
chsh -l : to check the path of the shell
chsh -s \/path\/of\/the\/shell : to set the new shell for the user
clear or “Ctrl” + “l” : clear the terminal
“Ctrl” + “+” : zoom in
“Ctrl” + “-” : zoom out
cp\u00a0filename directory : copy and paste the file in the directory
date : shows the date
df -h : shows availible and used disk\/partiton space
diff filename1.txt filename2.txt : to check if there is difference inside the files
echo : displays what you type
EDITOR=nano visudo :from root to edit with nano \/etc\/sudoers privileges (if member of the wheel: remove #)
fdisk : to start modifying the disk partitions (umount device first)
fdisk -l : shows disk and partitions
free : shows memory and swap usage in byte
free -m : shows memory and swap usage in Mb
grep\u00a0word filename : shows the specific word in a specific file
grep\u00a0word * : shows the specific word in every file in that directory
grep -c word filename : count how many time the word is in that file
grep -i word filename : same as grep alone but with no case sensitivity
grep -n word filename : same as grep but shows also the line number
grep -r word \/path\/ : shows the word inside every file and evry folder from that path\u00a0
grep -v word filename : shows every line apart for the one containing that word
grep -name filename : to look for a specific file
groups user : to check all the groups that the specific user is in
help : help page documentation of the program selected
head : print out first 10 line on the selected file
history : it will show the command history
htop : system monitor
id : user identity
ip : shows\/manipulate routing, net devices and so on
ip address : shows your IP address
kill : close the program
less : similar to cat, mainly used for longer files
locate : locate the file or directory
ls : list file and directory
ls \/ : list files in the fist directory
ls -a : list all file and directory (even the hidden one)
ls -all or ll -a : list all file and directory + other information
ls -lah : list all file and directory + other information in human readable number 4k instead 4000
lsblk : list all disks and partitions
lsplug : list all usb devices
lspci : list pci devices
man : manual, it’s basically the manual for another program, you can even type “man man”
makepkg -s : run the command inside the directory of the tar -xvf extracted file to create an installation file
mkdir : create a directory (folder)
mkfs.typefile \/dev\/devname: to format the disk with the type file (ext4\/exfat). create 1st partitions with fdisk
mkfs.ext4 -n “label” \/dev\/devname : to label the device or partition
mount : shows all the volumes on every disk
mount | grep diskname : filter only the volumes on the specified disk
mv filename directory : move file to directory
mv filename1 filename2 : to rename file
mv *.txt directory : to move all file with that extension
ncdu : shows how much space is used and by which folder inside the directory
ncdu \/ : shows for the all system
ncdu \/ -x : same as above but only for the local system, excludes the external drives
net : tool to administrate samba and CIFS servers
nmap -sV ipaddress : shows port and version
nmap -v : check the nmap version
nmap ipaddress.0\/24 : scan entire subnet (nmap -sP ipsubnet shows a simplified view)
nmap ipaddress or hostname : to scan all the ports on that system
nmap -T5 ipaddress : to scan at maximum speed
[ From T1 (slower but less detectable) to T5 (faster and less accurate), default is set to T3]
pacman -Qdt : queering package database for orphans, so they can be removed
pacman -R: Arch program remove
pacman -S: Arch program install
pacman -Ss keyword : Arch program search for packages using keyword
pacman -Syu : Arch to update\/upgrade
pacman -Syy : Arch refresh package databese
pacman -U filename : use it inside the directory where the file to install the selected file after makepg -s
passwd -l user : lock the user sccount
passwd -u user : unlock the user sccount
ping ipaddress: test and send packages to the specify web address
ps : process status
pwd : print working directory (shows you where you are)
reboot : reboot the system
rmdir : remove directory
rm\u00a0filename : remove file
rm -rf directory or filename : forcefully remove directory and all it’s files
samba : server that provides services to clieants
sar -b : to check why system is slowing down
sar -r : to check current memory
sar -S : to check current swap
sar -u : to check current cpu usage
sar -u -f \/etc\/var\/log\/sysstat\/filename : to check the specific log that was saved
ss : investigate sockets
ssh username@ipaddress : to log in using ssh
su : to switch to root
su username : to switch to the username
sudo : obtain administrator privileges
sudo !! : to run the last command if you forgot to put sudo on the front
tail : print out last 10 line of the select file
tar -xvf filename : extract the wget downloaded compressed file
time commandname : shows how much time the command took
top : shows all the running program
touch filename.txt : to create a text file (or you can create one with the text editor: nano filename)
umount \/dev\/devname : unmount the device or partition but still able to see it
unalias aliasname : remove the alias
uname : info on device
usermod -aG group user : add the specific user to the specific group ( type ” , ” without spaces to add more groups )
usermod -d \/testhome\/testdir\/ –move-home username : to move the user’s home directory to a new one with all it’s files
usermod -e date user : to set an expiration date for the user
usermod -l newname oldname : to change user’s name
usermod -L user : to lock that specific user
usermod -U user : to unlock that specific user
visudo : to edit configuration file, temporary saves it and checks the syntax for error
wget : non interactive network downloader “wget URL”
whereis : path the command select + man page
which\u00a0command : path to the command select “which ls”
who : who is logged in
whoami : to check the name user
yay : same as pacman but for AUR (automated)
yay -Syu : update\/upgrade standard and AUR<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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